Standard 10f Preknowledge
10f) ***Students know the roles of phagocytes, B-lymphocytes, and T-lymphocytes in the immune system.
CALIFORNIA FRAMEWORKS SUMMARY:
Phagocytes move, amoebalike, through the circulatory system, consuming waste and foreign material, such as aged or damaged blood cells and some infectious bacteria and viruses. Two broad types of lymphocytes (a class of white blood cells) originate in the bone marrow during embryonic life. One type (the B-lymphocyte) matures in the bone marrow and gives rise to antibody-producing plasma cells that are responsible for humoral immunity. Each mature B-lymphocyte can give rise to only a single type of antibody, which itself may recognize only a single foreign antigen. The other type (the T-lymphocyte) matures in the thymus gland during embryogenesis
and gives rise to “cytotoxic” (cell killing) and “helper” T-lymphocytes. The cytotoxic T-cells are particularly useful for surveillance of intra-cellular pathogens. Antibodies cannot reach the intracellular pathogen because of the cell membrane, but the infected cell can be identified and killed. Helper T-cells assist in organizing both the humoral and cellular immune responses.