Notes

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Outline

1	Unit 7: Kinetics and Thermodynamics
2	Heat (Enthalpy) Change
3	Units for Measuring Heat
4	A Bomb Calorimeter
5	A Cheaper Calorimeter
6	Specific Heat
7	Calculations Involving Specific Heat
8	Table of Specific Heats
9	Latent Heat of Phase Change Molar Heat of Fusion
10	Latent Heat of Phase Change #2 Molar Heat of Vaporization
11	Latent Heat – Sample Problem Problem: The molar heat of fusion of water is 6.009 kJ/mol. How much energy is needed to convert 60 grams of ice at 0°C to liquid water at0°C?
12	Heat of Solution
13	Chemical Kinetics The area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates.
14	Collision Model
15	Reaction Rate
16	2NO₂(g) à 2NO(g) + O₂(g)
17	Activation Energy
18	Endothermic Reactions
19	Exothermic Reactions
20	Factors Affecting Rate
21	Catalysis Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed Enzyme: A large molecule (usually a protein) that catalyzes biological reactions. Homogeneous catalyst: Present in the same phase as the reacting molecules. Heterogeneous catalyst: Present in a different phase than the reacting molecules.
22	Catalysts Increase the Number of Effective Collisions
23	Endothermic Reaction with a Catalyst
24	Exothermic Reaction with a Catalyst
25	Chemical Equilibrium
26	LeChatelier’s Principle When a system at equilibrium is placed under stress, the system will undergo a change in such a way as to relieve that stress.
27	Le Chatelier Translated: When you take something away from a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in such a way as to replace what you’ve taken away.
28	LeChatelier Example #1
29	LeChatelier Example #2
30	LeChatelier Example #3
31	LeChatelier Example #4
32	Enthalpy and Entropy
33	Spontaneity of Reactions
34	DH, DS, DG and Spontaneity DG = DH - TDS H is enthalpy, T is Kelvin temperature
35	Reaction Mechanism
36	Rate-Determining Step In a multi-step reaction, the slowest step is the rate-determining step. It therefore determines the rate of reaction.