Standards
The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number
and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of
the elements relates to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding
this concept:
- 3a. Students know how to use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons available for bonding.
Biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter result from
the ability of atoms to form bonds from electrostatic forces between
electrons and protons and between atoms and molecules. As a basis for
understanding this concept:
- 3b. Students know atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds.
- 3c. Students know chemical bonds between atoms in molecules such as H2, CH4, NH3, H2CCH2, N2, Cl2 and many large biological molecules are covalent.
- 3d. Students know salt crystals, such as NaCl, are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
- 3e. Students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid form.
- 3f. Students know how to draw Lewis dot structures.
- 3g. Students know large molecules (polymers), such as proteins, nucleic acids, and starch, are formed by repetitive combinations of simple subunits.
- 3h. Students know the bonding characteristics of carbon that result in the formation of a large variety of structures ranging from simple hydrocarbons to complex polymers and biological molecules.
- 3i. Students know amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.