Unit 7: Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Standards
Energy is
exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical changes
of matter. As a basis for understanding this concept:
- 7a. Students know how to describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules (or atoms).
- 7b. Students know chemical processes can either release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) thermal energy.
- 7c. Students know energy is released when a material condenses or freezes and is absorbed when a material evaporates or melts.
- 7d.
Students know how to solve problems involving heat flow and temperature
changes, using known values of specific heat and latent heat of phase
change.
Chemical reaction rates depend on factors that influence the
frequency of collision of reactant molecules. As a basis for
understanding this concept:
- 7e. Students know the rate of reaction is the decrease in
concentration of reactants or the increase in concentration of products
with time.
- 7f. Students know how reaction rates depend on such factors as concentration, temperature, and pressure.
- 7g. Students know the role a catalyst plays in increasing the reaction rate.
Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process at the molecular level. As a basis for understanding this concept:
- 7h. Students know how to use LeChatelier’s principle to
predict the effect of changes in concentration, temperature, and
pressure.
- 7i. Students know equilibrium is established when forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
