Standard 7a Preknowledge
7a) Students know how to describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules (or atoms).
CALIFORNIA FRAMEWORKS SUMMARY: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecular motion in a sample. Heat is energy transferred from a sample at higher temperature to one at lower temperature. Often, heat is described as flowing from the system to the surroundings or from the surroundings to the system. The system is defined by its boundaries, and the surroundings are outside the boundaries, with “the universe” frequently considered as the surroundings.