Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. A process in which a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable nuclei of intermediate mass is called:

   1.   ?    nuclear fusion
   2.   ?    nuclear fission
   3.   ?    radioactive decay
   4.   ?    a chain reaction
   5.   ?    radiocarbon dating

2. Which of the following statements is true?

   1.   ?    All man-made isotopes are radioactive
   2.   ?    Some man-made isotopes are radioactive
   3.   ?    None of the man-made isotopes are radioactive

3. Which of the following statements is true?

   1.   ?    All naturally occurring isotopes are radioactive
   2.   ?    Some naturally occurring isotopes are radioactive
   3.   ?    No naturally occurring isotopes are radioactive

4. An electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay is known as:

   1.   ?    An alpha (a) particle
   2.   ?    A beta (b) particle
   3.   ?    A positron
   4.   ?    A gamma ray

5. An alpha (a) particle is essentially a ____________________ nucleus.

   1.   ?    hydrogen
   2.   ?    uranium
   3.   ?    carbon-12
   4.   ?    helium
   5.   ?    plutonium

6. Gamma (g) rays are:

   1.   ?    are very high energy, very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation
   2.   ?    are very high energy, very long wavelength electromagnetic radiation
   3.   ?    are very low energy, very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation
   4.   ?    are very low energy, very long wavelength electromagnetic radiation

7. Very large nuclei tend to be unstable because of the:

   1.   ?    repulsive forces between electrons
   2.   ?    attraction of electrons for the positively charged nucleus
   3.   ?    repulsive forces between neutrons
   4.   ?    repulsive forces between protons
   5.   ?    attraction of protons for neutrons

8. For the most common types of radioactive decay, the order of mass from lightest to heaviest is:

   1.   ?    gamma, alpha, beta
   2.   ?    beta, alpha, gamma
   3.   ?    beta, gamma, alpha
   4.   ?    gamma, beta, alpha

9. For the most common types of radioactive decay, the order of least penetrating to human tissue, to most penetrating to human tissue is:

   1.   ?    gamma, alpha, beta
   2.   ?    alpha, beta, gamma
   3.   ?    beta, gamma, alpha
   4.   ?    gamma, beta, alpha

10. For the most common types of radioactive decay, the order of least dangerous to most dangerous is:

    1.   ?    gamma, alpha, beta
    2.   ?    alpha, beta, gamma
    3.   ?    beta, gamma, alpha
    4.   ?    gamma, beta, alpha

11. 
    Assuming that the radiation source at the left emits gamma rays, as the rays pass between the charged plates they will:

    1.   ?    pass straight through
    2.   ?    be deflected downward
    3.   ?    be deflected upward

12. 
    Assuming that the radiation source at the left emits alpha particles, as the particles pass between the charged plates they will:

    1.   ?    pass straight through
    2.   ?    be deflected downward
    3.   ?    be deflected upward

13. 
    Assuming that the radiation source at the left emits beta particles, as the particles pass between the charged plates they will:

    1.   ?    pass straight through
    2.   ?    be deflected downward
    3.   ?    be deflected upward

14. In nuclear reactions:

    1.   ?    small amount of mass are converted to large amounts of mass
    2.   ?    large amount of energy are converted to small amount of mass
    3.   ?    small amounts of mass are converted to large amount of energy
    4.   ?    mass and energy are destroyed

15. Compared to chemical reactions, nuclear reactions produce:

    1.   ?    proportionally far less energy
    2.   ?    proportionally far more energy
    3.   ?    fewer changes in the nucleus
    4.   ?    more vegetables