Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Chemical bonds may be produced by any of the following processes involving electrons EXCEPT:
   

   1.   ?    losing electrons
   2.   ?    gaining electrons
   3.   ?    splitting electrons
   4.   ?    sharing electrons

2. In ionic bonds, valence electrons are:

   1.   ?    transferred
   2.   ?    equally shared
   3.   ?    unequally shared
   4.   ?    destroyed

3. In nonpolar covalent bonds, valence electrons are:

   1.   ?    transferred
   2.   ?    equally shared
   3.   ?    unequally shared
   4.   ?    destroyed

4. In polar covalent bonds, valence electrons are:

   1.   ?    transferred
   2.   ?    equally shared
   3.   ?    unequally shared
   4.   ?    destroyed

5. In metallic bonding, the valence electrons of all atoms are shared in:

   1.   ?    a polar covalent bond
   2.   ?    a nonpolar covalent bond
   3.   ?    an electron sea
   4.   ?    transferred to nonmetallic ions

6. Bonds between atoms of metals are generally:

   1.   ?    Ionic
   2.   ?    Covalent
   3.   ?    Metallic

7. Bonds between nonmetals and other nonmetals are generally:

   1.   ?    Ionic
   2.   ?    Covalent
   3.   ?    Metallic

8. Bonds between metals and nonmetals are generally:

   1.   ?    Ionic
   2.   ?    Covalent
   3.   ?    Metallic

9. A bond between nitrogen (atomic #7) and oxygen (atomic #8) would be:

   1.   ?    ionic
   2.   ?    covalent
   3.   ?    metallic

10. The bond between boron (atomic #5) and silicon (atomic #14) is:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    covalent
    3.   ?    metallic

11. The bond in between sodium (atomic #11) and oxygen (atomic #8) is:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    covalent
    3.   ?    metallic

12. The bond between hydrogen (atomic #1) and oxygen (atomic #8) is:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    covalent
    3.   ?    metallic

13. The bond between lithium (atomic #3) and fluorine (atomic #9) is:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    covalent
    3.   ?    metallic

14. A bond between potassium (atomic #19) and chlorine (atomic #17) would be:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    covalent
    3.   ?    metallic

15. The bond in between an oxygen atom and another oxygen atom is:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    covalent
    3.   ?    metallic

16. The bond existing between the atoms of iron (atomic #26) in a piece of iron is:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    covalent
    3.   ?    metallic

17. The correct electron-dot notation for the element indium (atomic #49) is:

    1.   ?    
    2.   ?    
    3.   ?    
    4.   ?    

18. How many valence electrons are in atom of sulfur (atomic #16) ?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four
    5.   ?    five
    6.   ?    six
    7.   ?    seven
    8.   ?    eight

19. How many valence electrons are in atom of radon (atomic #86) ?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four
    5.   ?    five
    6.   ?    six
    7.   ?    seven
    8.   ?    eight

20. How many valence electrons are in atom of cesium (atomic #55) ?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four
    5.   ?    five
    6.   ?    six
    7.   ?    seven
    8.   ?    eight

21. How many valence electrons are in atom of carbon (atomic #6) ?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four
    5.   ?    five
    6.   ?    six
    7.   ?    seven
    8.   ?    eight

22. How many valence electrons are in atom of aluminum (atomic #13) ?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four
    5.   ?    five
    6.   ?    six
    7.   ?    seven
    8.   ?    eight

23. How many valence electrons are in atom of arsenic (atomic #33) ?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four
    5.   ?    five
    6.   ?    six
    7.   ?    seven
    8.   ?    eight

24. Which of the following IS NOT a covalent compound?

    1.   ?    CaO
    2.   ?    CO₂
    3.   ?    CH₃Cl
    4.   ?    NH₃

25. Which of the following IS NOT an ionic compound?

    1.   ?    KCl
    2.   ?    MnO₂
    3.   ?    Mg₃N₂
    4.   ?    C₂H₅OH

26. The octet rule explains the stability of most covalently bonded molecules in terms of:

    1.   ?    electronegativity differences
    2.   ?    noble-gas configurations
    3.   ?    ionization energies
    4.   ?    electron affinities

27. According to the HONC rule, how many covalent bonds form around hydrogen and the halogens?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four

28. According to the HONC rule, how many covalent bonds form around nitrogen?

    1.   ?    one
    2.   ?    two
    3.   ?    three
    4.   ?    four

29. Which of the following is an acceptable Lewis Structure for the diatomic nitrogen molecule?

    1.   ?    
    2.   ?    
    3.   ?    
    4.   ?    

30. In the correct Lewis structure for the methane (CH₄) molecule, how many unshared electron pairs surround the carbon?

    1.   ?    0
    2.   ?    2
    3.   ?    4
    4.   ?    8

31. In the correct Lewis structure for water, how many unshared pairs of electrons will oxygen have?

    1.   ?    1
    2.   ?    2
    3.   ?    3
    4.   ?    4

32. Which of the following is an acceptable Lewis structure for chloromethane (CH₃Cl)?

    1.   ?    
    2.   ?    
    3.   ?    
    4.   ?    

33. When compared to single bonds, double bonds are generally:

    1.   ?    longer and stronger
    2.   ?    shorter and weaker
    3.   ?    shorter and stronger
    4.   ?    longer and weaker

34. Which of the diatomic elements has a double bond between its atoms?

    1.   ?    hydrogen
    2.   ?    nitrogen
    3.   ?    oxygen
    4.   ?    flourine

35. The seven elements that occur as diatomic elements are:

    1.   ?    H₂, N₂, O₂, He₂, Ne₂, Cl₂, Br₂
    2.   ?    H₂, N₂, O₂, He₂, Ne₂, C₂, Na₂
    3.   ?    H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂
    4.   ?    Fe₂, Rn₂, O₂, He₂, Ne₂, C₂, Br₂

36. In a diatomic molecule of an element, the bond between the atoms must be:

    1.   ?    ionic
    2.   ?    polar covalent
    3.   ?    nonpolar covalent
    4.   ?    metallic

37. In the ionic compound magnesium fluoride, what is the ratio of the two elements necessary so that each element obtains its octet from the transfer of electrons?

    1.   ?    1 magnesium : 1 fluorine
    2.   ?    2 magnesium : 1 fluorine
    3.   ?    1 magnesium : 2 fluorine
    4.   ?    3 magnesium : 1 fluorine

38. How many sodium atoms are needed to provide the electrons necessary to complete the valence octet of an oxygen atom?

    1.   ?    one sodium atom
    2.   ?    two sodium atoms
    3.   ?    three sodium atoms
    4.   ?    four sodium atoms

39. In the sodium chloride crystal lattice, each positively charged ion is surrounded by how many ions of opposite charge?

    1.   ?    2
    2.   ?    4
    3.   ?    6
    4.   ?    8

40. Ionic compounds generally form:

    1.   ?    molecules
    2.   ?    crystals
    3.   ?    liquids
    4.   ?    gases